Crohn’s disease is a condition in which any part (mostly intestines) of gastrointestinal tract gets inflamed. It is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by the inflammation in the intestinal lining of the patient.
Various symptoms commonly observed in a patient suffering from Crohn’s disease are: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, skin problems (rashes), arthritis, and tiredness.
Abdominal pain is due to intestinal inflammation. Mostly pain is experienced in the right lower part of the abdomen because terminal ileum is present there .Also frequent passing of stools, many times accompanied by blood is seen .Fever occurs because Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory disorder.
All these Crohn’s symptoms are seen due to intestinal and extra intestinal changes which occur in the body.
Intestinal
Inflammation: when the inflammation is extreme the colon dilates and causes the toxins of bacteria present in the colon to pass freely across the mucosa and lead into the portal and then the systemic circulation. Scientists reveal that if the colon dilates to more than 6cm perforations in the colon occur and lead to death. Sometimes pain or itching in anal area may suggest intestinal inflammation.
Perforations can occur even in the absence of the condition of colon dilation.
Perianal fistula formation can be seen rarely. Both internal fistulae i.e. between the loops of the intestines and external fistulae like rectal, anal, enterocutaneous can be formed.
Haemorrhage: is a rare complication and can be life threatening .It occurs due to erosion of a major artery.
Carcinoma: patients suffering from Crohn’s disease from more than 8 years pose a great risk of developing cancer in intestines.
Stricture formation can occur in chronic cases. It occurs due to fibrosis of affected bowel wall.
Malabsorbtion: refers to the impaired absorption of vitamins, proteins, fats and electrolytes .due to inflammation malabsorbtion occurs.
Extra intestinal
Due to the extra intestinal changes in the Crohn’s disease patient other symptoms can be seen that do not involve gastrointestinal tract, such symptoms include:
Arthritis which causes joints pain mostly in large joints i.e. shoulder, knee, wrists, elbow. This pain is also seen to migrate to other areas of the body.
Skin rashes, sores.
Mouth ulcers develop.
Inflammation and reddening of eyes.
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