Diagnosis Of The Crohn’s disease

Crohn’s disease also named Inflammatory Bowel Disease is a disorder which causes inflammation of any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract from mouth to anus. It generally affects the lower part of small intestine; the ileum. Common crohn's symptoms include pain in abdomen, diarrhea, rectal bleeding (cause anemia), vomiting, weight loss, fever, arthritis, skin rashes, eye inflammation, and tiredness.

Crohn’s disease is caused due to abnormal functioning of the immune system. Person’s immune system produces cells (white blood cells) which attack its own body cells, the useful bacteria and the food particles. These white blood cells accumulate in the lining of the intestines which causes its inflammation finally leading to ulcerations.

The diagnosis of the disease is done through a thorough physical examination by the doctor followed by various tests which include blood tests and x ray. Blood test is done mainly to check the White Blood Cell Count and whether the patient is anemic or not. Anemic status indicates the probability of intestinal bleeding and/or bloody stools. And increased white blood cell count indicates the inflammation in some part of the body. By conducting X ray test the inflammation in the intestines can be easily revealed. Visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract can also be done by the doctor by conducting sigmoidoscopy or a colonoscopy (both are a type of endoscopy).

Crohn’s disease cannot be cured but can be treated by: medication, surgery and/ or combining both.

To control inflammation anti-inflammatory drugs like Aminosalicylate and corticosteroids are given and antibiotics are given to treat the infection. Drugs used to treat Crohn’s disease include 5-aminosalicylic acid formulations (5-ASA agents) like Asacol, Dipentum, Prednisone (a corticosteroid), immune system modulators like azathioprine,infliximab,certozilumab,mercaptopurine,adalimumab,methotrexate,natalizumab.In case the patient suffers severe attack of Crohn’s disease Hydrocortisone is given.

Surgery cannot cure Crohn’s disease; however it can relieve the patient from the ill effects of the disease which cannot be treated by medicines. Patient can get rid of blockage, perforations, bleeding of the intestines. A part of intestine is removed through surgery but it is commonly seen that the nearby area of the removed portion gets inflamed after the surgery. However surgery proves to be beneficial in cases where the patient gets the entire colon removed through colostomy.

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